Unit 8 Quiz Psych 101_48 Foundation of Psychology
QUESTION 1
Psychology is defined as the:
A., intuition-based approach to study human behavior.
B., speculative method to find answers about human cognition.
C., scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
D., study of mental disorders and their treatments.
2.5 points
QUESTION 2
Laura and Celia are identical twins. They were adopted at birth by different families and raised in different environments. However, there are a lot of behavioral similarities between them. In the context of developmental psychology, which of the following best explains this phenomenon? A., Their similarities reflect the influence of nature on development.
B., Their similarities are a result of differences in nurture.
C., Their similarities reflect the opposition that nurture poses to nature.
D., Their similarities prove that they were not affected by their genetic makeup.
2.5 points
QUESTION 3
According to Freud, much of our behavior is motivated by: A., the unconscious.
B., semi-conscious processes.
C., conscious experience.
D., the subconscious mind
2.5 points
QUESTION 4
Which of the following statements best describes the nature of the id, ego, and superego in Freud’s theory?
A., The id, ego, and superego correspond to specific structures in the brain.
B., The id, ego, and superego are abstract conceptions of a general model of personality and do not correspond to physical parts of the brain.
C., The id, ego, and superego correspond to broad, distributed networks of structures in the brain.
.
D., The id, ego, and superego relate to specific structures in the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious parts of the mind.
2.5 points
QUESTION 5
The id operates according to the _____ principle in which the goal is the immediate reduction of tension and the maximization of satisfaction.
A., pleasure
B., reciprocity
C., attitude
D., reality
2.5 points
QUESTION 6
Which of the following refer to unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others?
A., Subjective well-being tactics
B., Defense mechanisms
C., Cataclysmic events
D., Type B behavior patterns
2.5 points
QUESTION 7
Which of the following sequences indicates the order of the first three stages in Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, from first to last?
A., Oral → phallic → anal
B., Anal → oral → phallic
C., Anal → phallic → oral
D., Oral → anal → phallic
2.5 points
QUESTION 8
Based on Harlow’s research with monkeys, identify which of the following would prove to be most effective in comforting a frightened infant or child?
A., Leaving the child alone
B., Offering the child something to eat
C., Talking to the child from a distance
D., Holding or touching the child
2.5 points
QUESTION 9
According to Erikson, the first stage of a child’s psychosocial development is the _____ stage.
A., trust-versus-mistrust
B., id-versus-ego
C., autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
D., intimacy-versus-isolation
2.5 points
QUESTION 10
According to Erikson, people enter the generativity-versus-stagnation stage during _____.
A., adolescence
B., childhood
C., middle adulthood
D., old age
2.5 points
QUESTION 11
Which of the following statements reflects a genuine contribution of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
A., He recognized that psychosocial development is essentially a lifelong process.
B., He recognized that psychosocial development is dependent on nature and not on nurture.
C., He recognized that psychosocial development is usually complete by early childhood.
D., He recognized that psychosocial development is usually complete by early adolescence 2.5 points
QUESTION 12
During Piaget’s sensorimotor period:
A., children begin to understand reversibility.
B., understanding is based mainly on basic sensory and motor abilities.
C., mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world.
D., individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions. 2.5 points
QUESTION 13
Barney’s mother gave birth to him when she was 25 years old. She drank heavily during her pregnancy. As a result, Barney is short. He also has learning disorders and displays some facial abnormalities. Barney is most likely a case of:
A., Tay-Sachs disease.
B., phenylketonuria.
C., Down syndrome.
D., fetal alcohol syndrome
2.5 points
QUESTION 14
Joan’s mom and dad believe that parents know best. They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without uttering a word, and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not comply. In Baumrind’s terms, Joan’s parents are:
A., authoritarian.
B., permissive.
C., authoritative.
D., uninvolved.
2.5 points
QUESTION 15
Eliza takes her 1-year-old son, Danny, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Danny eagerly explores the room as long as Eliza is present. When Eliza leaves the room to fill out some forms, Danny becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, he quickly calms down. In the context of the findings of Mary Ainsworth, which of the following terms best describes Danny’s attachment style?
A., Disorganized
B., Ambivalent
C., Secure
D., Avoidant
2.5 points
QUESTION 16
Kohlberg was a theorist who discussed:
A., The moral development of infants
B., Toddlers growth and development
C., Moral and cognitive development in children, adolescents, and adults
D., The usefulness of accelerated programs in school age children
2.5 points
QUESTION 17
Jay complains to his father that he wants more juice. His father takes the juice Jay has in his glass and pours it into a taller but narrower glass. Jay is now content that he has more juice. Jay has failed to grasp the concept of:
A., object permanence.
B., egocentrism.
C., attachment reasoning.
D., conservation.
2.5 points
QUESTION 18
Dr. Chase believes that one’s personality largely reflects inner forces over which one has no control. Dr. Chase appears to take a(n) _____ approach to personality.
A., humanistic
B., behavioral
C., psychodynamic
D., evolutionary
2.5 points
QUESTION 19
Andy visits his family doctor because he displays symptoms of depression. The doctor conducts an examination and deduces the root cause as a chemical imbalance in his brain. In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders does Andy’s doctor use?
A., Medical perspective
B., Psychodynamic perspective
C., Humanistic perspective
D., Behavioral perspective
2.5 points
QUESTION 20
_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves.
A., Cognitive
B., Behavioral
C., Psychodynamic
D., Humanistic
2.5 points
QUESTION 21
How do exposure treatments differ from systematic desensitization?
A., Exposure treatments use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not.
B., Exposure treatment gauges neurotic symptoms; systematic desensitization does not.
C., Exposure treatment does not use learned relaxation techniques; systematic desensitization does.
D., Exposure treatment is a very complicated form of therapy; systematic desensitization is not.
2.5 points
QUESTION 22
The feeling of apprehension and tension experienced in reaction to stressful situations is referred to as:
A., dyslexia
B., mania
C., anxiety
D., depression
2.5 points
QUESTION 23
Fear of places, such as unfamiliar or crowded spaces, where help might not be available in case of emergency is referred to as:
A., arachnophobia
B., claustrophobia
C., coulrophobia
D., agoraphobia
2.5 points
QUESTION 24
_____ refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.
A., Personality
B., Maturation
C., Development
D., Cognition
2.5 points
QUESTION 25
“Probably, he cheated on the test because he is a dishonest person.” This is a(n) _____ attribution.
A., dispositional
B., situational
C., central
D., peripheral
2.5 points
QUESTION 26
Which of the following psychologists is NOT aligned with the psychodynamic perspective on personality?
A., Jung
B., Adler
C., Horne
D., Skinner
2.5 points
QUESTION 27
_____ is a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs.
A., schizophrenia
B., hypochondriasis
C., Parkinson’s disease
D., trichotillomania
2.5 points
QUESTION 28
Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice is termed:
A., altruism.
B., prosocial behavior.
C., catharsis.
D., empathy
2.5 points
QUESTION 29
_____ are professionals with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. who have also completed a postgraduate internship. They specialize in assessment and treatment of psychological difficulties, providing psychotherapy and, in some U.S. states, can prescribe drugs.
A., Psychoanalysts
B., Psychiatrists
C., Psychiatric social workers
D., Clinical psychologists
2.5 points
QUESTION 30
Butch, a gifted musician, alternates between periods of dark despair and times of elation, great energy, recklessness, and creativity. He seems to be most prolific during periods of mania. Butch is most likely to be suffering from _____.
A., bipolar disorder
B., dissociative identity disorder
C., dissociative amnesia
D., narcissistic personality disorder
2.5 points
QUESTION 31
Which of the following is an eating disorder?
A., autism spectrum disorder
B., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
C., anorexia nervosa
D., Alzheimer’s disease
2.5 points
QUESTION 32
Roger is a manipulative individual who has no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others. It is most likely that he has:
A., bipolar disorder
B., manic disorder
C., antisocial personality disorder
D., obsessive-compulsive disorder
2.5 points
QUESTION 33
_____ is the process by which communal groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally.
A., Central interaction
B., Altruism
C., Diffusion of responsibility
D., Social influence
2.5 points
QUESTION 34
An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car’s safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on the _____ route to persuasion; the second, on the _____ route.
A., peripheral; central
B., central; peripheral
C., primary; secondary
D., secondary; primary
2.5 points
QUESTION 35
Which of the following is true of conformity?
A., People working on ambiguous tasks and questions (those with no clear answer) are less susceptible to conformity.
B., The less attractive a group appears to its members, the greater its ability to produce conformity.
C., Conformity is considerably lower when people must respond publicly.
D., Subtle or even unspoken social pressure results in conformity.
2.5 points
QUESTION 36
The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is known as:
A., cognitive dissonance
B., learned helplessness
C., schema
D., halo effect
2.5 points
QUESTION 37
Which of the following techniques asks a person to comply with a small initiaul request to enhance the likelihood that the person will later comply with a larger request?
A., Door-in-the-face
B., Foot-in-the-door
C., That’s-not-all
D., Not-so-free sample
2.5 points
QUESTION 38
The influential “prison” study of the power of social roles was conducted by:
A., Solomon Asch.
B., Stanley Milgram.
C., Philip Zimbardo.
D., Leon Festinger
2.5 points
QUESTION 39
In Julia’s community, girls are not expected to enjoy or excel at mathematics. Julia’s algebra grades drop; by the time she is a high school junior, she is enrolled only in consumer mathematics courses. Which concept does Juanita’s example best illustrate?
A., Cognitive dissonance
B., Social identificatio
C., Entrapment
D., Self-fulfilling prophecy
2.5 points
QUESTION 40
_____ refers to a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members.
A., Discrimination
B., Prejudice
C., Diffusion of responsibility
D., Reciprocity-of-liking effect
TO ACCESS THE ANSWERS,KINDLY CONTACT OUR SUPPORT TEAM
THE PRICE IS $112 ONLY